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Compare Brunei (2003) - Indian Ocean (2007)

Compare Brunei (2003) z Indian Ocean (2007)

 Brunei (2003)Indian Ocean (2007)
 BruneiIndian Ocean
Administrative divisions 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong -
Age structure 0-14 years: 29.6% (male 54,118; female 51,902)


15-64 years: 67.6% (male 128,421; female 113,480)


65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,804; female 5,373) (2003 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo -
Airports 2 (2002) -
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)		 -
Area total: 5,770 sq km


land: 5,270 sq km


water: 500 sq km		 total: 68.556 million sq km


note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Delaware about 5.5 times the size of the US
Background The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, but larger than the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean). Four critically important access waterways are the Suez Canal (Egypt), Bab el Mandeb (Djibouti-Yemen), Strait of Hormuz (Iran-Oman), and Strait of Malacca (Indonesia-Malaysia). The decision by the International Hydrographic Organization in the spring of 2000 to delimit a fifth ocean, the Southern Ocean, removed the portion of the Indian Ocean south of 60 degrees south latitude.
Birth rate 19.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Budget revenues: $2.5 billion


expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)		 -
Capital Bandar Seri Begawan -
Climate tropical; hot, humid, rainy northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Coastline 161 km 66,526 km
Constitution 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) -
Country name conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam


conventional short form: Brunei		 -
Currency Bruneian dollar (BND) -
Death rate 3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Debt - external $0 -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY


embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan


mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507


telephone: [673] (2) 229670


FAX: [673] (2) 225293		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Anak Dato Haji PUTEH


chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838


FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560		 -
Disputes - international Involved in dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct" some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient $4.3 million (1995) -
Economy - overview This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas. The Indian Ocean provides major sea routes connecting the Middle East, Africa, and East Asia with Europe and the Americas. It carries a particularly heavy traffic of petroleum and petroleum products from the oilfields of the Persian Gulf and Indonesia. Its fish are of great and growing importance to the bordering countries for domestic consumption and export. Fishing fleets from Russia, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also exploit the Indian Ocean, mainly for shrimp and tuna. Large reserves of hydrocarbons are being tapped in the offshore areas of Saudi Arabia, Iran, India, and western Australia. An estimated 40% of the world's offshore oil production comes from the Indian Ocean. Beach sands rich in heavy minerals and offshore placer deposits are actively exploited by bordering countries, particularly India, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
Electricity - consumption 2.322 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 2.497 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m		 lowest point: Java Trench -7,258 m


highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia endangered marine species include the dugong, seals, turtles, and whales; oil pollution in the Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea
Environment - international agreements party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% -
Exchange rates Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.72 (2000), 1.69 (1999), 1.67 (1998) -
Executive branch chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities crude oil, natural gas, refined products -
Exports - partners Japan 40.3%, South Korea 12.3%, Thailand 12.1%, Australia 9.2%, US 8.1%, China 6.4%, Singapore 5.7% (2002) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands -
GDP purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 5%


industry: 45%


services: 50% (2001 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2002 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 4 30 N, 114 40 E 20 00 S, 80 00 E
Geography - note close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia major chokepoints include Bab el Mandeb, Strait of Hormuz, Strait of Malacca, southern access to the Suez Canal, and the Lombok Strait
Heliports 3 (2002) -
Highways total: 2,525 km


paved: 2,525 km


unpaved: 0 km (2000)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%		 -
Illicit drugs drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals -
Imports - partners Singapore 30.6%, Japan 21.5%, Malaysia 17.4%, UK 6.1%, Hong Kong 4% (2002) -
Independence 1 January 1984 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate 5% (2002 est.) -
Industries petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction -
Infant mortality rate total: 13.5 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 17.09 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 9.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -2% (2002 est.) -
International organization participation APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land 10 sq km (1998 est.) -
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) -
Labor force 143,400


note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)		 -
Labor force - by occupation government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) -
Land boundaries total: 381 km


border countries: Malaysia 381 km		 -
Land use arable land: 0.57%


permanent crops: 0.76%


other: 98.67% (1998 est.)		 -
Languages Malay (official), English, Chinese -
Legal system based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas -
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)


elections: last held in March 1962


note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 74.3 years


male: 71.9 years


female: 76.82 years (2003 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 91.8%


male: 94.8%


female: 88.5% (2003 est.)		 -
Location Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia
Map references Southeast Asia Political Map of the World
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line


territorial sea: 12 NM		 -
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT


ships by type: liquefied gas 8


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: UK 7 (2002 est.)		 -
Military branches Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $329.7 million (FY02) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 5% (FY02) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 110,888 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 63,966 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 3,277 (2003 est.) -
National holiday National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection -
Nationality noun: Bruneian(s)


adjective: Bruneian		 -
Natural hazards typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare occasional icebergs pose navigational hazard in southern reaches
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, timber oil and gas fields, fish, shrimp, sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules
Net migration rate 3.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -
Pipelines gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; note - the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985 but became largely inactive after 1988; it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 358,098 (July 2003 est.) -
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 2% (2003 est.) -
Ports and harbors Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong -
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Railways total: 13 km (private line)


narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.)		 -
Religions Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)		 -
Suffrage none -
Telephone system general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US


domestic: every service available


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 79,000 (1996) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 43,524 (1996) -
Television broadcast stations 2 (1997) -
Terrain flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Total fertility rate 2.37 children born/woman (2003 est.) -
Unemployment rate 10% (2001 est.) -
Waterways 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m -
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